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New carriers for paint were developed beyond organic polymer technology in the 20th century. In several cases, for example acrylic paint, a different binder is substituted for oil. These fresh binders have dissimilar properties than oil paint, such as faster drying times and raised mechanical strength of the paint film. They require different techniques and give new possibilities that are not available to oil painters, such as the building of heavy surface and impasto, the use of collage, and the sculpting of the paint surface. Contemporary thinking therefore recognizes the new materials as separate mediums.

Some manufacturers, in an attempt to produce a medium that is oil-based but avoids toxic cleaners and thinners, have handled to produce water miscible oil paints. The vehicle for such paints is an oil with a surfactant particle chemically bonded to it which allows oil to mix with water in much the same way dish soap does, but with greater sophistication.